ASEAN essays

ASEAN papers ASEAN, The Association of South East Asian Nations was framed on 8 August 1967 in Bangkok by Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand, just to be joined by Brunei Darussalam in 1984, Vietnam in 1995, Laos ASEAN was framed to accelerate the development of the economy, social advancement The exercises completed by ASEAN are arranged by the diverse part nations. As the natural contamination is an issue, part nations plan exercises that manage ecological issues, have meetings, hold camps and hold a Green Week related to World Environment Day, to give some examples. The delegates from the part nations hold gatherings during the time in the different nations around the world. Be that as it may, the majority of these gatherings are held in Asia. They likewise partake in courses and workshops on transport, fear based oppression and such. These gatherings are generally founded on the Transnational Issues that ASEAN is worried about. These Transnational Issues are the Environment, Transboundary Haze, Transnational Crime ASEAN keeps close relations with different nations by having every part nation to facilitate with the other various nations that don't have a place in ASEAN. These different nations are Australia, China, European Union (EU), Canada, India, Japan, Republic of Korea, New Zealand, Russia and the United States of America. This coordination is held in multi year cycles, turning between the part nations to go about as facilitators. ASEAN likewise holds gatherings with the vario ... <!

Deterioration of the English Language

Word Count: 1,237 Denise Moreno Professor Carlene Coury English 120 13 April 2013 Deterioration of the English Language The English language is by all accounts decaying increasingly more every day. Such a large number of models can be given to legitimize this perception. Three distinct journalists have brought up certain instances of the butchering of the language. Martha Brokenbrough states that the steady utilization of texting language and internetism can absolutely be a decent method to reshape the manner in which we convey. Simultaneously she composes it can likewise influence the manner in which we convey appropriately and professionally.Author, George Orwell, talks about how we have created words in the English language to camouflage the genuine significance for political causes. Orwell brings up that we cover what we really need to state, and simultaneously, we befuddle the peruser by not understanding what we compose. Speech specialist, Clark Whelton, called attention to tha t dubiousness is a developing issue in our mom language; subsequently, undergrads don’t realize how to quit being ambiguous while attempting to impart. Despite the fact that every one of the three scholars make various focuses about English rotting as a language, they all agree in the reason for this issue, laziness.Martha Brokenbrough states â€Å"So the key with Internetisms is to realize when it's alright to utilize them, when it's not alright, and when not utilizing them will make you look clueless† (149). Brokenbrough underscores that utilizing texting dialect isn't awful, and it is fitting in explicit time and places, nonetheless, not knowing where and when to utilize this language, can create turmoil and make you look silly. LOL is a typical expression to hear these days, yet when one goes to a prospective employee meet-up and can’t convey a discussion without utilizing any of these shortened forms, it isn't just inadmissible however disrespectful.The eas y routes we use might be making us look languid and idiotic when utilized at a court or a doctor’s office as models. LMAO appears to be inconsiderate and whimsical when utilized at these spots. This sort of language is, in any case, vital while messaging and talking on the planet today to be viewed as hip and ordinary. One thing that is critical to recollect is to realize when to utilize the texting language and when to not utilize it as the creator claims. All the more significantly, she clarifies that it doesn't take that any longer to utilize the right words when required so others don't think one is dumb.Knowing when to utilize all these internetisms can spare us humiliation and cause us to appear to be cool whenever utilized accurately. â€Å"Most individuals who mess with the issue at all would concede that the English language is bad, yet it is commonly expected that we can't by cognizant activity take care of it†(446). In this statement, George Orwell expresses that it isn't that we don’t realize how to appropriately impart our thoughts, yet we decide to fail to address it to address it. There are a great deal of pointless words that political journalists will in general use when needing to be indistinct however with the aim of causing works to appear as clear as water.Orwell makes reference to certain kinds of these superfluous words: passing on similitudes, verbal bogus appendages, vainglorious expression, and good for nothing words. Kicking the bucket analogies â€Å"are simply utilized in light of the fact that they spare individuals the difficulty of creating phrases for themselves†(448). The writer is clarifying that occasionally recorded as a hard copy there are a ton of reused articulations that we as a whole use for the most part rather than searching for our own and being unique. What verbal bogus appendages do is that they â€Å"save the difficulty of selecting fitting action words and things, and simultaneously cushion each sentence with additional syllables which give it an appearance of symmetry†(449).This quote is alluding to the words we will in general use as fillers and again are trivial to use in a sentence. Verbal bogus appendages are words that the essayist can manage without so as to bode well. Vainglorious lingual authority are words that are â€Å"used to spruce up basic proclamations and give a quality of logical fairness to one-sided judgments†(449). Words like â€Å"phenomenon† and â€Å"effective† become acclimated to seek after the author to accept the one-sided contemplations you might need to get across.Finally, negligible words are â€Å"strictly inane as in they not exclusively don't highlight any discoverable item, however are barely ever expected to do as such by the reader†(450). Utilizing these sort of words is just acceptable to convince the peruser into accepting things that aren’t implied by the author. These words are in stances of awful decisions while composing and indeed a case of apathy. Orwell accentuates that scholars tragically use every one of these words to communicate, yet in all actuality they simply end up not having the option to impart what it was they truly needed to state. Playbacks and self-citing (He resembled, â€Å"Where would you say you are going? † and I resembled, â€Å"I'm going to work†) are the most sturdy side effects of unclearness, and may discover perpetual homes in 21st century English†(Whelton, standard. 14). This specific statement by the speech specialist, Clark Whelton, features the most widely recognized way English has gotten dubious. â€Å"Whoa, that is so wow† â€Å"well, as yeah† and â€Å"I mean like, you know† are instances of obscure talking and the loss of appropriate English. Whelton calls attention to that more youthful individuals, in any event, having moved on from school, come up short on a feeling of demonstr able skill and great open verbal skills.He states that it is so basic to hear individuals communicate for themselves with â€Å"self-citing, playbacks of past discussions, ‘up talking’ (finishing definitive sentences with an inquisitive ascent), and run-on sentences†(Whelton, standard. 2). The models given are equivalent with ways a youngster would convey. Subsequent to utilizing these negative behavior patterns of correspondence again and again, there is no uncertainty that realizing how to appropriately carry on a discussion vanishes off the perpetual memory. The writer suggests that if the issue of unclearness had been revised at an early age, dubiousness itself would have been much more contained than it is now.Along with Brockenbrough and Orwell, Whelton has implied that authors today have absence of had an independent perspective, otherwise called sluggishness. Utilizing contractions identified with texting, words that have no accurate importance or utilize d as fillers, or straightforward unclearness, for example, â€Å"like†, isn't right when needing to impart in formal or expert manner. Not exclusively would utilizing these sorts of alternate routes make one look stupid yet in addition sluggish. Having the right aptitudes to impart verbally or in composed structure is as significant as realizing how to coordinate a garments outfit.One is under the conviction that utilizing internetisms is going to spare time, yet sadly, that is just a legend. In all actuality utilizing alternate routes spares just seconds that can have the effect in seeming stupid, apathetic, or shrewd. To sound recognized by utilizing fascinating or inane words, one may use as cushioning for our confounding composition, can make one seem idiotic and lethargic too. Being dubious doesn't help anybody in attempting to unmistakably convey what they really need to state; it just makes individuals look puerile and sluggish.All taking all things together, the three authors concur that nobody ought to settle on simple efficient truncations, counterfeit extravagant words, or dubiousness that plagues us, to impart appropriately and not be thought of being an idiotic, apathetic, whimsical individual. Works Cited Brockenbrough, Martha. â€Å"Does IM make U Dum? †. The Conscious Reader twelfth ed. Longman2012. 148-151 Print. Orwell, George. â€Å"Politics and the English Language†. The Conscious Reader twelfth ed. Longman2012. 445-457 Print. Whelton, Clark. â€Å"Vague-Talking and the Loss of English. † MINDING THE CAMPUS, 13 Nov. 2012. Web. 25 March 2013.

Free Essays on Ducati

Ducati Motor Holding got its beginning in 1926, when the Ducati siblings established a little electrical machine business in suburbia of Bologna Italy. By the 1950’s, Ducati was assembling a lot more grounded and quicker cruisers. It was not long after the creation of this cycle Fabio Taglioni’s freshly discovered valve gear framework changed the future for Ducati. His valve gear framework permitted motors to run progressively effective while including strength. Predominant execution has been the sign of Ducati for a considerable length of time. Since the mid fifty’s numerous progressions were made to Ducati cruisers to improve their presentation. Another bicycle, the 750 V-twin, scored an exciting and unforeseen triumph in the Imola 200 and propelled the Ducati V-twin administration. All through over fifty years of predominant building, rivalry, testing, and bleeding edge Italian structure, Ducati has assembled a suffering cruiser heritage. With its essential branch situated in Bologna Italy, Ducati works in superior bikes. Just selling on normal 600,000 units for each year Ducati figures out how to make 408 million dollars every year. Cruiser deals are by all account not the only supporter of Ducati’s income notwithstanding. Ducati likewise sells elite new parts, adornments and attire, and motor deals. Ducati anyway didn't generally have such a high level of benefits. In 1995 Ducati endured a colossal finical emergency. When an adjustment in control was made, deals quadrupled. Being in the elite cruiser industry, Ducati has numerous contenders. An intriguing actuality is that Ducati doesn't consider Harley Davidson as a contender. One preferred position that Ducati has on the remainder of its rivals is client dependability. This actually implies two out of three individuals that have purchased a Ducati cruiser will come back to Ducati when they are prepared to buy once more. Ducati offers its workers a wide range of advantages, such advantages as full clinical, eye, and dental plans. ... Free Essays on Ducati Free Essays on Ducati Ducati Motor Holding got its beginning in 1926, when the Ducati siblings established a little electrical machine business in suburbia of Bologna Italy. By the 1950’s, Ducati was constructing a lot more grounded and quicker bikes. It was not long after the creation of this cycle Fabio Taglioni’s newly discovered valve gear framework changed the future for Ducati. His valve gear framework permitted motors to run progressively effective while including pull. Predominant execution has been the sign of Ducati for quite a long time. Since the mid fifty’s numerous progressions were made to Ducati bikes to improve their presentation. Another bicycle, the 750 V-twin, scored an exciting and startling triumph in the Imola 200 and propelled the Ducati V-twin line. All through over fifty years of predominant building, rivalry, testing, and front line Italian plan, Ducati has assembled a suffering cruiser inheritance. With its essential branch situated in Bologna Italy, Ducati works in elite cruisers. Just selling on normal 600,000 units for every year Ducati figures out how to make 408 million dollars every year. Bike deals are not by any means the only supporter of Ducati’s income in any case. Ducati additionally sells elite new parts, embellishments and clothing, and motor deals. Ducati anyway didn't generally have such a high level of benefits. In 1995 Ducati endured a gigantic finical emergency. When an adjustment in control was made, deals quadrupled. Being in the elite bike industry, Ducati has numerous contenders. An intriguing truth is that Ducati doesn't consider Harley Davidson as a contender. One favorable position that Ducati has on the remainder of its rivals is client unwaveringness. This truly implies two out of three individuals that have purchased a Ducati cruiser will come back to Ducati when they are prepared to buy once more. Ducati offers its representatives a wide range of advantages, such advantages as full clinical, eye, and dental plans. ...

Discuss the problems created by high stakes testing, and give testing Essay

Talk about the issues made by high stakes testing, and give testing options - Essay Example These debates realize the idea that individuals, understudies specifically, are not being tried with the information that they really know, in this manner being reviewed unreasonably. Perhaps the greatest discussion over high-stakes testing is that the makers of the tests appear to be under the attitude that each understudy sitting the test has had the equivalent instructive experience. For instance, the test may go on about a particular book, yet is done as such without the idea that maybe only one out of every odd understudy has perused that book. Most of high-stakes testing are framed with the presumption that everyone ought to have a similar information when, in all actuality, only one out of every odd school, or each educator, follows a similar educational program as the remainder of them. Besides, understudies might not have the information through no shortcoming of their own. Few out of every odd understudy is given an equivalent chance to get familiar with the material that will be available on the test. Another issue that can go connected at the hip with the recently referenced issue is that high-stakes testing doesn't effectively gauge the information or aptitudes of the person. The tests will in general spotlight on explicit subjects, for example, as previously mentioned, a particular book while professing to perceive how well an understudy has had the option to get a handle on English. Rather than concentrating on a more extensive subject that numerous understudies may have taken in, the makers of these tests appear to need to concentrate more on smaller subjects that there is a decent possibility that couple of understudies have learned. While the understudy may comprehend the ideas, they can't utilize this new book to assist them with explaining the appropriate responses. These tests appear to quantify more what somebody doesn't know instead of what they do. A third conflict with respect to high-stakes testing is that these tests are connected to faulty prizes, for example, secondary school recognitions. As recently referenced, it isn't generally the situation where the understudies are at

Starbucks Closes Controversial Coffeehouse in Chinas Forbidden City

Question: Depict about the Starbucks Closes Controversial Coffeehouse in Chinas Forbidden City? Answer: The contentions introduced in the accompanying sources are same as the one gave. Taboo City café replaces Starbucks: A popular café opened in the focal point of the Chinese royal residence. Starbucks caf was finished off because of open dissent. The divert was initiated in 2000 inciting a media response so brutal that historical center officials considered dropping its rent following two or three months. The Campaign for the conclusion started when TV stay whined that Chinese culture is stomped on. As indicated by China Daily, the Forbidden City Caf serves Chinese tea and espresso alongside wooden seats and tables with pictures delineating Chinese culture (Reuters, 2016). Starbucks closes down Controversial Coffeehouse in Chinas Forbidden City: According to Woon, the choice taken was an entirely agreeable choice. He further said that numerous choices were, notwithstanding, not to proceed with the Starbucks was the most awesome one. Woon said that the royal residence authorities made the decision in the wake of visiting US destinations, for example, parks and other business parks seeing that they require working under their image name. Starbucks Chairman, Howard Schultz told that China as one of the developing markets. Starbucks was an acknowledged potential spot for post guests however pulled in reprimand from the beginning. Chenggang, a commentator for China Central Television English, language immediate, guided fights. Starbucks participation was sabotaging the Forbidden Citys harmony and was stomping on Chinese culture (Fox News, 2007). Reference List: Fox News,. (2007). Starbucks Closes Controversial Coffeehouse in China's Forbidden City | Fox News. Recovered 4 February 2016, from https://www.foxnews.com/story/2007/07/14/starbucks-closes-dubious café in-china-taboo city.html Reuters, (2016). Prohibited City bistro replaces Starbucks. Recovered 4 February 2016, from https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-starbucks-idUSHAR44723720070924

Hydrocodone Withdrawal Symptoms, Timeline, and Treatment

Hydrocodone Withdrawal Symptoms, Timeline, and Treatment Addiction Drug Use Prescription Medications Print How Long Does Withdrawal From Hydrocodone Last? By Corinne O’Keefe Osborn linkedin Corinne Osborn is an award-winning health and wellness journalist with a background in substance abuse, sexual health, and psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Corinne O’Keefe Osborn Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on March 12, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on June 25, 2019 More in Addiction Drug Use Prescription Medications Cocaine Heroin Marijuana Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery In This Article Table of Contents Expand Overview Signs and Symptoms Coping and Relief Warnings Long-Term Treatment Resources View All Back To Top Hydrocodone is a semi-synthetic opioid that works like codeine to relieve moderate pain. It is often prescribed in combination with products like Vicodin  or Lortab, which contain hydrocodone and acetaminophen. It is the most widely available opioid in the United States, which means that it is inexpensive and easy to come by. Many victims of the current opioid epidemic got their start with hydrocodone. Hydrocodone prescriptions have decreased in recent years, from  136.7 million prescriptions in 2013 to  83.6 million in 2017, but it is still the most commonly prescribed opioid in the United States. It is also one of the most widely  abused prescription pain killers.     Illustration by Cindy Chung, Verywell   Overview Data from 2017 shows that roughly  6.3 million people age 12 or older had misused hydrocodone in the past year in the United Statesâ€"amazingly, that is  2.3  percent of the population. Most of these people acquired the drug from someone they trusted, such as a doctor or family member. Unfortunately, hydrocodone misuse can quickly develop to dependence and addiction.   Anyone who is physically dependent on opioids will experience withdrawal if they abruptly discontinue their dose. Symptoms can range from mild to severe, depending on how much you’ve been taking and for how long.  If you are currently taking a high dose of hydrocodone, or a mix of hydrocodone and other opioids, then quitting cold turkey is going to be really difficult. Even if you are on a lower, therapeutic dose of hydrocodone, the withdrawal is challengingâ€"expect a feeling similar to having the flu (the severity will vary), plus extreme psychological distress.  Without treatment, most people experience intense chills, cramps, and diarrhea, along with nausea, sweating, and agitation. You might feel like your heart is pounding out of your chest or like you will never sleep again. Runny noses and teary eyes are common. Some people feel extremely anxious, and others feel intense despair and hopelessness.   Opioid withdrawal isn’t easy, but it is quick. Symptoms typically subside within one week. Fortunately, there are medications that can get you through this period with minimal discomfort.   Signs and Symptoms Like all forms of opioid withdrawal, hydrocodone withdrawal is not simple. Experiences vary from person to person, but typically include some combination of physical and psychological symptoms. Your personal experience will be shaped by a number of factors, including: your current dose and how often you take ithow long you have been using opioids or other drugswhether or not you are mixing hydrocodone with other drugs, such as heroin, Oxycontin, alcohol, or benzodiazepinesyour willingness to seek treatment and support  your past experiences with substance abuseyour physical and mental health If you have been taking low doses of hydrocodone as directed by your doctor, then your withdrawal symptoms should be relatively mild. However, if you are a long-time poly-drug abuser, untreated withdrawal can be extremely uncomfortable.  For most people, hydrocodone withdrawal symptoms start about eight to 24 hours after their last dose. Withdrawal will come on slower if you are also using extended release opioids, like methadone or Oxycontin.   Common hydrocodone withdrawal symptoms include any of the following: Muscle, bone, and joint aches and painFlu-like feelingSweatingRunny noseHeadacheChillsNausea or vomitingCramping or diarrhea  Insomnia or disturbed sleepTeary eyesTremorsAnxiety or restlessness  GoosefleshHeart poundingAgitationSkin-crawling   If you are looking for a better idea of how mild symptoms compare to intense symptoms, take a look at this  opioid withdrawal scale. This is a tool that clinicians use to help them diagnose what stage of withdrawal their patients are in. For example, it shows that sweating can include anything from feeling flushed to sweat streaming down your face.   Opioid withdrawal symptoms typically peak on the second or third day after your last dose, then start getting better. Most people feel better after five to seven days.   Unfortunately, this isn’t always the end of it. Once acute withdrawal passes, some people experience something called protracted withdrawal, also known as post-acute-withdrawal syndrome (PAWS). Protracted withdrawal symptoms are much less severe and are mostly psychological in natureâ€"meaning that you won’t be physically ill. Instead, you may experience waves of depression that come and go or bouts of insomnia. Not everyone experiences protracted withdrawal, but those who do can expect symptoms to appear on and off for around six months.   Coping and Relief There are a number of steps you can take to ensure a smoother and less uncomfortable withdrawal experience. The best strategy for you will depend on your hydrocodone use patterns.   Tapering If you have been using hydrocodone as directed for the treatment of pain, then your doctor can help you develop a tapering schedule. Tapering your medication means taking progressively smaller doses over a period of several weeks. By incrementally decreasing your dose, you give your body time to adjust. While you may experience some withdrawal symptoms each time the dose is reduced, they should be relatively mild.   There is no standard tapering schedule, so it is important to work with your doctor to develop a schedule that fits your needs. As you reduce your dose, you may find that your pain returns. If so, talk to your doctor about alternatives. If you are struggling with an opioid addiction, however, attempts to taper your dose will most likely be unsuccessful.  Evidence-based treatments for opioid detox include medication-assisted treatment and symptom management.     Medications Medications like methadone and buprenorphine (Suboxone) can help prevent the symptoms of withdrawal and make it easier to get clean. These drugs are made with long-acting opioids that prevent withdrawal  without getting you high. Suboxone contains a mix of buprenorphine and naltrexone, an opioid antagonist. This means that it’s more or less impossible to abuse Suboxone to get high if injected. Suboxone can also prevent other opioids from getting you high, which reduces your chance of relapse.     Clonidine and lofexidine (Lucemyra) are two more prescription drugs used to treat the symptoms of hydrocodone withdrawal. Clonodine and Lucemyra, similar medications originally designed to treat high blood pressure, are used to treat symptoms like sweating, chills, rapid heart rate, and anxiety. They can also help reduce drug cravings. Since they contain no opioids, any doctor can prescribe these medications. This makes them much easier to acquire than methadone and buprenorphine.   Over-the-counter (OTC) medications that may make you more comfortable during withdrawal include: OTC pain relievers (Tylenol, Advil, Aleve)anti-diarrhea medications (Imodium, loperamide)antihistamines to help you sleep (Benadryl)  anti-nausea medications (Pepto-Bismol, Kaopectate)nutritional supplements for anxiety (valerian root, chamomile)   Herbal You may have heard about another herbal medication called kratom that people buy online. Some opioid users have had success using kratom to treat the symptoms of withdrawal, but there are a number of risks involved. Doctors are just beginning to learn how kratom works, but it is already clear that kratom is essentially just another natural opioid (like opium). In 2018, the FDA issued a  warning against kratom, because they believe it has addictive and harmful properties.  There have also been reports of contaminated batches making people ill. Warnings Although  scientific evidence shows that medication-assisted treatment is the most effective way of treating opioid dependence, it is often surprisingly difficult to find. In fact, most people have trouble finding any substance use treatment at all. Lack of Treatment In 2017,  it was estimated that 20.7 million people in the United States needed substance use treatment, but only  4 million received it. Only a small number of those who did receive help got it at a facility offering medication-assisted treatment.  Treatment providers offering buprenorphine and methadone can definitely be difficult to find, but they do exist. It’s not an inability to find treatment that prevents people from getting help, rather it’s the belief that they don’t need help. Among the 20.7 million people who needed treatment for a substance use in 2017, only  one million actually  believed that they needed treatment. People typically underestimate the seriousness of their substance use disorder and overestimate their ability to “quit when they’re ready.”   At-Home Withdrawal Today, it is possible to detox from hydrocodone at home without help. Unlike alcohol or benzodiazepine withdrawal, opioid withdrawal isn’t dangerous. However, it is extremely difficult. Many people relapse within days or weeks of quitting. When you detox from hydrocodone, your tolerance level drops fast. If you were to relapse with your pre-detox dose, it could kill you.   There are some people in the recovery community who believe that abstinence-only is the best way to go. They believe that medication-assisted treatment is just “replacing one drug with another.” Although this is technically true, it’s not so simple. Medications that prevent withdrawal have been shown to reduce relapse and give you the opportunity to participate in therapy. Without taking the time to address the issues that led to your substance abuse, your chance of relapse will remain high.     Long-Term Treatment Your long-term treatment requirements will depend on the nature of your hydrocodone dependence. If you became dependent on opioids while taking them as prescribed by a doctor, you may not need any treatment after you get off the pills. If you are struggling with a substance use disorder, however, detox is only the first step on a long road.   If your goal is long-term sobriety, then you will need to put a lot of effort into relapse prevention. If you have tried to quit opioids before, then you know how easy it is to relapse after detox.  Research shows that the best way to prevent relapse is a combination of medication and psychotherapy.   Preventing Relapse With Medication Your long-term treatment plan may involve a maintenance dose of methadone or buprenorphine or a medication called naltrexone (Vivitrol). Naltrexone is only useful after you detox, once your body is free of opioids. A Vivitrol injection taken once per month will prevent opioids from having an intoxicating effect. This discourages opioid use, because if you use, you will be wasting time and money for nothing. Naltrexone can also help ease opioid cravings.   Preventative Psychotherapy Medication paves the way for the second leg of long-term treatment, psychotherapy. During talk therapy, you will learn to identify the thoughts, feelings, and actions that trigger your cravings. You will also develop the skills you need to handle those triggers in a healthy way. Many people choose to continue taking their medication indefinitely, but you can also tapper off after a few months or years. Therapy can prepare you for that transition.   There are many different types of treatment with varying levels of intensity. Places you can find help include:   addiction treatment centersresidential programs  community health clinicsyour primary care physiciana psychiatrist  a therapist in private practicemethadone clinicsdoctors certified to prescribe buprenorphine (Suboxone)   Resources If you or your loved one has a hydrocodone dependence, you will want to find a doctor or therapist who specializes in opioid use disorders. Check out this searchable directory from the  Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) or call SAMHSA’s national helpline at 1-800-662-HELP (4357).     Only certain doctors are allowed to prescribe buprenorphine (Suboxone). To find one in your area, check out this searchable directory.   If you want to know more about Narcotics Anonymous (NA) take a look at their  website. You can find a meeting near you with their  searchable directory.   A Word From Verywell   Hydrocodone withdrawal is not easy, especially if you have been abusing opioids for a long time. Don’t be discouragedâ€"there are ways to break the vicious cycle in which you feel trapped. Even if you have attempted detox several times before, you must keep up hope that the next one will work. If you want to get sober permanently, reach out for help. Find a treatment center offering evidence-based therapies like medication management. In addition, don’t let anyone shame you for taking a medication that treats your disease.  Make the best decisions for you and your recovery. How Narcotic Anonymous Works

Analytical Essay for “In Cold Blood” Truman Capote - Free Essay Example

Analytical Essay for â€Å"In Cold Blood† Truman Capote, in his narrative â€Å"In Cold Blood†, characterizes Holcomb, Kansas as a dull and trivial town. Capote expresses his views of Holcomb through diction and contrast. In the passage, Capote’s diction helps the reader to understand his view on Holcomb as being insignificant and boring. Words such as â€Å"irrelevant sign†, â€Å"haphazard hamlet† and â€Å"falling-apart post office† portray Capote’s view on the â€Å"lonesome† village. A picture of the irrelevant town is also painted when Capote describes different parts of it; â€Å"the streets, unnamed, unshaded, and unpaved† is a good example of his choice of words. Capote also describes the people wearing â€Å"rawhide jackets†, â€Å"denims†, and â€Å"cowboy boots†, showing the small, western town style of the village’s inhabitants. Capote’s diction is an important role in ex pressing his views about Holcomb, and informing the reader of how unimportant the town is. Capote’s choice to contrast certain aspects of the town also helps to convey the â€Å"aimless congregation† of Holcomb. At first, Holcomb is described as an ordinary town with â€Å"flat land†, being somewhat â€Å"out there† and its people having an â€Å"accent barbed with a prairie twang. † These boring qualities of Holcomb are supported by Capote’s allusions to the â€Å"ramshackle mansion†, â€Å"one-story frame affairs†, and the â€Å"peeling sulphur-colored paint† of the depot. After Capote has built this view of Holcomb, he contrasts the town with an unanticipated outlook on the town. He describes the school as â€Å"modern and ably staffed†, the people as â€Å"prosperous†, and that Finney County â€Å"has done well. The contrast of different parts of Holcomb make you wonder what other things about Holco mb are you not aware of. Truman Capote expressed his views of Holcomb to be uneventful and having no significance what so ever. He was able to communicate his views to the reader through his choice of diction and the way he contrasted different features of Holcomb. Capote’s choice of rhetorical devises help to set up the town of Holcomb in the way that foreshadowed an event that will forever change the town.

Essay on Death Penalty - 1342 Words

Capital Punishment Capital Punishment: a.k.a. the death penalty. To kill or not to kill. This is an extremely controversial question in today’s society. The number of people who are for it still believe in the saying, â€Å" an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth.† These are the people who feel if you intentionally take the life of someone else, then yours should be taken as well. But then there are the other number of people who feel the death penalty should be banned because of its cruel and unjust way of punishment. Should we keep it or not? And if it is kept, how do we determine who should be sentenced to death? An easy way to answer these questions is to totally nullify capital punishment completely. One reason why the death†¦show more content†¦Their results? Negative. They have failed to discover any connection between the two. Therefore, use of capital punishment will not affect the crime rate of an area in any such way. The third and possibly the most important reason why capital punishment should be eliminated is because what is stated in the Bible. The sixth commandment specifically says â€Å"Thou shalt not kill.† If someone is executed, our court system is deliberately defying our Lord’s laws. John 8:7 says, â€Å"Let he who is without sin cast the first stone.† This supports the idea that only a man who is not a sinner has the right to eliminate someone from this Earth. Many feel the only person or being who is without sin is God. They also believe that He is the only existence who has the right to take someone’s life, or â€Å"cast the first stone.† Which in turn means we as humans are not entitled to that privilege. 3 The use of capital punishment in today’s society is an incredibly controversial issue which will require a great deal of contemplation to answer the questions: to kill or not to kill? Many feel that the annihilation of this practice will solve a large number of the problems and questions about the death penalty that haunt our society today.Jennifer Barnett AP US History 6th period September 6, 1994 Capital Punishment Capital Punishment: a.k.a. the death penalty. To kill or not toShow MoreRelatedPro Death Penalty Speech1482 Words   |  6 Pagesintroduce myself before we get started. My name is Slick Perry and if you didn’t already know, I am the state governor of Texas. You are all aware that we are reviewing our recidivism rate to various crimes and reviewing our stance regarding the death penalty as we approach 2009. Everyone here understands that capital punishment is a very controversial topic in the United States. In Texas, from December 1982 through August 2008, only 361 criminals of the millions of Texans in our good state were executedRead MoreThe Truth About The Death Penalty973 Words   |  4 Pages In her article â€Å"The Truth About The Death Penalty†, Carina Kolodny argues that the death penalty should be abolished in all fifty states due to the fact that it is ineffective and very expensive. Kolodny believes that capital punishment has too many complications and variables that cause it be more of an issue than a real solution for capital offenses. She proposes that the death penalty should be dropped and exchanged for better programs such as Proposition 34, which replaces capital punishmentRead MoreThe Bible and Death Penal ty Essay example812 Words   |  4 Pagesa person’s view of the Bible influence what they think about the death penalty for murderers.† I would like to see if a person’s view of the bible influence what they think of the death penalty. This is interesting to me because I am interested in the field of criminal justice and the death penalty is a huge topic to this day. There are many journals that talk about studies that were done on religion and views of the death penalty which have to do with my topic of interest. My hypothesis is thatRead MoreEssay on Death Penalty: Capital Punishment and Violent Crime1570 Words   |  7 PagesCapital Punishment and Violent Crime Hypothesis Most Americans are pro-death penalty, even though they dont really believe that it is an effective deterrent to violent crime. Those who are pro-death penalty will remain so, even if faced with the best arguments of anti-death penalty activists and told to assume the arguments were absolutely true. Violent crime Violent crime is a major problem in the United States. According to the ACLU, the violent crime rate rose sixty-one percentRead MoreEssay on Article Analysis: OSullivans View of the Death Penalty1536 Words   |  7 PagesBritain should have the death penalty. O’Sullivan addresses all the main counter arguments when explain to his audience his conclusion. His supporting evidence includes death penalty decisions in history and several other statistics. Emotionally terms, faulty cause and effects scenarios, and either/or point of views are other ways the author conveys his opinion to the audience. The article begins with an overall theme threw out O’Sullivan’s piece: does the death penalty appropriately punishRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is Justified1143 Words   |  5 PagesAllison Shu 2/25/16 Period 2 Objective paper on the death penalty Capital punishment is legally authorized killing as punishment for a crime. The death penalty questions the morality of killing a person as justification for their crime. It also brings to question whether the death penalty actually serves as a deterrent for crime, and that some of the people executed are found innocent afterwards. The debates over the constitutionality of the death penalty and whether capital punishment should be usedRead MoreThe Death Penalty For Juveniles946 Words   |  4 Pages The death penalty for minors differs greatly from the death penalty for adult. The law that minor could be put on death row was decided to rule against the eighth amendment. The eighth amendment prohibits the act of â€Å"cruel and unusual punishment† which putting minors on death row breaks. On March 4, 2005 the law that minors could not be put on death row for their actions was set into place. The new laws say, â€Å"They cannot punish a minor by death penalty and they cannot punish someone for a crimeRead MoreShould The Death Penalty Be Mandatory?925 Words   |  4 Pagesopinions on the subject. When we were discussing the death penalty although my opinion didn’t change, after hearing what some of my classmates had to say about the subject during our lab I was able to respectfully see why they had those thoughts and feelings about the subject. I believe that we should have the death penalty, and that it helps prevents more crime from happening. However, during our lab students that thought we should ban the death penalty had some pretty interesting reasons behind theirRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Be Legal1805 Words   |  8 Pagesthat we all know is the death penalty. This penalty has been going around for years. To many people it might be the best way of punishing a person. On the other hand there are people who think that if you kill a person you should be sentenced to die as well. For me I would say it might not be the best way and it not working as many would like it. When choosing if you are for the death penalty you have to okay with an insect person dyei ng or even a family member being in death row. I know that is somethingRead MoreThe Death Penalty : An Effective Reliable Tool904 Words   |  4 Pagesthe death penalty has been a frequent topic of discussion, as our recent technological advancements have evidently led individuals to consider the â€Å"new found† legitimacy of our court systems, as statistics display that our previous racial bias and the apparent morality of the practice itself have a miniscule impact on our conviction rate. Both the advancements and ethics that the death penalty provides become apparent through the utilization of anecdotes and statistics, as the death penalty has prevailed

Korean Culture Report Essay - 1118 Words

KOREAN CULTURE REPORT - HUMOR I was the â€Å"funny guy† in my clique of high school friends. Ever since I learned to read English, I enjoyed reading and collecting joke books. I exhausted every single joke book from the small community library in town. Riddles, jokes about animals and wildlife, reasons why I didn’t do my homework, lawyer jokes, and later on, ethnic jokes. I knew they were funny, but I wanted more. Perhaps it was my lack of physical achievements that made me obsess with a need to entertain my peers. My return to Korea in the summer of 2001 was nothing short of a culture shock. I was in a country I thought I had learned by heart. It was the country I always rooted my identity and pride from. I wasn’t ready for the shock. I†¦show more content†¦Talchum is a type of Korean dance performed with a mask, miming, speaking, and singing. It is loosely choreographed in the traditional sense of a dance, and organized more towards theatre. It was a farcical caricature of its contemporary era, with a sick twist of vicarious humor, from its very roots traced back to the era of ancient Three Kingdoms of Korea (37 BC-668 AD). The leading appeal of Talchum has always been the biting satire and vicarious ridicule it pointed at apostate Buddhist monks, decadent upper classmen, and incompetent shamans. It is interesting to note that the aggressive nose-thumbing was towards the upper class, religious leaders, and generally figures higher in the social rung. The farcical, burlesque aspects of Talchum as our cultural heritage did not translate very well into modern culture in Korea, but the satire of authority figures did. For example, watch Infinite Challenge, a highly successful Korean television entertainment program (highest non-drama viewership since November 2006). Six members appear regularly on the show, each member revolving around a certain archetype. Yoo Jae-suk, the leader. Park Myeong-su the elder brother and entrepreneur. Jeong Jun-Ha the obese, Jeong Hyeong-don the awkward, HaShow MoreRelatedThe Democratic People s Republic Of Korea1328 Words   |  6 PagesPeople’s Republic of Korea is a nation of isolation and mystery. I will be looking at the atmosphere of North Korean Human rights, whether it is defined by its culture or is the culture what defines the countries human rights. Are the practices culturally viable and how do the human rights of the democratic people’s republic of Korea compare to human right s as defined by American culture? â€Å"Little is known about North Korea in the United States, or in the world for that matter; except for the rareRead MoreShould Company XYZ Go to South Korea?1539 Words   |  7 PagesSituation This report was created to give the employees of XYZ Corporation information to form a decision about going to South Korea. This report will give information on these three topics. †¢ The Hofstedes Value dimensions and how we can gain insight to our host country †¢ The current ethics of business †¢ The basics in family life Background The Republic of Korea or as commonly called South Korea was a vassal state to Japan until 1945. After World War II South Korea became a democraticRead MoreThe Collapse Of North Korean State Essay1285 Words   |  6 PagesAssess the possibility of the collapse of the North Korean state in the next 5-7 years by examining the influence and impact of relevant geopolitical factors/conditions. As one of the most antagonizing countries, North Korea seems to find the wrath of the United Nations more frequently than any other sovereign nation. The country’s human rights abuses and violations of international law have led the international community to impose heavy trade sanctions with North Korea (cite). While the countryRead MoreThe Impact Of Hallyu On Korean Plastic Surgery Industry1601 Words   |  7 PagesHallyu or â€Å"Korean Wave† is the term that first introduced by Beijing journalist in the mid-1990s. This term is associated with the widespread of the popularity of â€Å"all things Korean† beyond the border of Korea (Lie 2012), especially to Asian countries and even non-Asian countries such as North and South American, Middle East and Europe. The â€Å"all things Korean† are inclusive of soap opera (also known as television drama), film, music, fashion, cuisine and other elements. However, there are some widespreadRead MoreEffects Of Hal lyu On Korean And Korean Wave1602 Words   |  7 PagesHallyu or â€Å"Korean Wave† is the term that was first introduced by Beijing journalist in the mid-1990s. This term is associated with the widespread of popularity of â€Å"all things Korean† beyond the border of Korea (Lie 2012), especially to Asian countries and even non-Asian countries such as North and South American, Middle East and Europe. The â€Å"all things Korean† are inclusive of soap opera (also known as television drama), film, music, fashion, cuisine and other elements. However, there are some widespreadRead MoreThe Culture Of North Korea1189 Words   |  5 PagesCulture of North Korea A particular society that has its own beliefs and ways of life define Culture. Major characteristics that define culture are Learned Behavior, Abstract, Products of Behavior, Attitudes, and Values Knowledge. We may define culture as the total of human achievements or the way of life of the people in a certain geographical area. The Peoples Republic of North Korea is a great example of this definition. The Democratic People s Republic of Korea is a country in East Asia locatedRead MoreKorean History: The Choson People1515 Words   |  7 PagesFreshness†, and thus the Korean people were began. Surrounded on three sides by Russia, China, and Japan, the Korean people have had to endure hundreds of attempts at invasion and domination, including four hundred years of Chinese military rule over the kingdom of Choson, Mongol invasions during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, and, most recently, Japanese Colonization from 1910 to 1945. (Soh, 2006) This has caused the people of Korea to adapt parts of other cultures while still maintainingRead MoreThe Differences Between South Korea And America1202 Words   |  5 Pagesbetter understanding of South Korea’s culture and gain multi-cultural competence as a human service professional in the future, I decided to conduct my interview with Bora. Interview When Bora first started to study in the United States, she realized that there are so many differences between South Korea and America. One of the biggest difference is age reckoning, because if someone come to South Korea, then they will be one or two years older than real age. Koreans consider new born babies as a yearRead MoreThe Impact Of Media On Korean Economic1651 Words   |  7 PagesPositive influences on Korean Economic After the success of H.O.T, government promoted a policy relating to spread the K-pop music to other countries. The government has acknowledged that the cultural products can be used as a way to benefit the country’s export sector. According to government estimates, a US$100 increase in the export of cultural products results in a US$412 increase in the export of other consumer goods (Tuk 2012, 12). On the other hand, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism tried toRead MoreCompare How Cultural Differences and Foreign Business Environments Affect Multinational Corporations1573 Words   |  7 Pagesenvironments affect multinational corporations In this report I will be stating the differences of how Tesco function in South Korea compared to how they function in the United Kingdom. Tesco have to adapt to the local culture, traditions and tastes and have to recreate an environment in which shoppers will feel at home. Tesco’s local adaption strategy in South Korea involves selling products and services based not on the UK experience, but on Korean customer demand. Tesco in South Korea provides live

The Five College Consortium in Western Massachusetts

Analysis of Online Banking Industry - 2003 Words

According to King, McKay, Marshall, Lee and Viehland (2008) online banking or electronic banking (e-banking) includes various banking activities conducted via the Internet from home, business, or on the road opposed to at a physical bank location. This paper shall compare and contrast both the online and offline retail environment for banking services. Internet banking offers great opportunities to the financial-services industry, including: †¢ a huge potential customer base †¢ large economies of scale in investment †¢ the possibility for services to be delivered using standardised modular software †¢ easy management of software †¢ a common browser front end †¢ the possibility to be equipped with good security protocols †¢ the easy application†¦show more content†¦The sites must be user friendly and convey a feeling of security. According to Zakaria (2003) even though Internet banking has been long established, one of the most important factors that may be slowing its progression is customer’s concern for security of financial transactions over the Internet. In a recent Key Note consumer survey (conducted in 2008) into attitudes towards electronic banking, 40% of respondents said that they liked to manage their money using the Internet. The survey found men were slightly more likely than women to use this channel. 51.3% of respondents postulated that they were concerned about the security aspects of electronic banking and 25.1% of the sample would not trust an electronic bank with their money (Source: Key Note Report 2008). Due to the nature of the online environment it is difficult for banks to build trust and relationships with their customers. The Internet is extremely impersonal due to its global audience, the bricks and mortar location of the local branch with a smiling advisor is much more inviting in comparison to a cold lifeless computer screen. Also the learning process involved in using e-banking can be daunting, customers must invest their time and effort into learning more to use and navigate their way around the sites. Internet banking can also be time consuming to set up and registration numbers and access codes can be misplaced, stolen or forgotten. AlthoughShow MoreRelatedThe Use Of Online Banking Vs Traditional Bank Essay930 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to the above, the research is compared the use of online banking VS traditional bank, since many people in Saudi Arabia are not aware of the advantages of electronic banking, which it should not be as a problem in these days. The purpose of this study is to study and analysis the impediments of using online services which include: automated teller machine (ATM), internet banking, and tele-banking and then compare it with manual banking. The study also focused on the solutions that could beRead MoreEssay on Bank of America Case Analysis1705 Words   |  7 PagesBank of America – Case Analysis Prepared By Kesha S Mitchell April 30, 2013 AMBA 650-1134 Marketing Management and Innovation Professor Philemon Oyewole In 2007, Bank of America (BofA) Corporation launched the largest secure mobile banking service in the United States and has over four million mobile banking customers. BofA mobile banking service gives the customers access to their checking accounts for balance, transfers funds and to pay bills through a mobile application (app)Read MoreQuestions On Advancing Career Development1188 Words   |  5 Pagesreport defines the study of industry which reflects the present impression in the market. By looking forward to this report I also chosen this industry and a sector in which I would like to take a kick start for my better career for the future. The discussion in the depth of the sector of financial industry, for this I am presenting a concise report of the three particular banking business areas which will be my future career target also. Analysis of Industry: Industry analysis can be analyzed by Porter’sRead MoreEnterprise Resource Planning in Business in India1081 Words   |  4 Pageson integrating all the departments in an organization which is considered to be the most difficult part in an ERP implementation process. The concept of ERP was initially applied to reduce the inventory costs and was mainly used in manufacturing industry. The inventory levels were monitored and real time updates were done and status reports were done. During 1970’s MRP (Material Requirements Planning) was majorly used to schedule the production and understand the requirement of materials; later duringRead MoreOnline Banking And Financial Services1440 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION Online banking and financial services have revolutionised the consumer and corporate banking industry in the last few decades or so by giving customers the power to conduct their banking anytime, anywhere and without all kinds of paperwork and branch visits. This has been possible with the help of massive investments in information technology, systems and communication infrastructure linking the banking industry network with their universe of customers. This empowerment has also givenRead MoreAlly Bank : Marketing And Advertising1197 Words   |  5 Pagesstand for, along with education about the bailout. Ally will continue to grow their market over the years if they remain innovative. Ally Bank faces some tough competition but has been able to out-do them with their fantastic offerings. Situational Analysis Ally Bank may sound like a new name, however its parent company Ally Financial Incorporated is not. In 1919 General Motor Acceptance Corporation (GMAC) was formed, in which Ally Financial and Ally Bank have stemmed from (Hitt 2015). General MotorsRead MoreUsing Porters Five Forces to Analyze Barclays714 Words   |  3 PagesAnalysis of Barclays through the lenses of Porters five forces A thorough assessment of any economic agent comprises of the gradual analysis of the company through various lenses, mostly materialized in the implementation of tools such as PEST analysis, SWOT analysis, Porters five forces analysis and so on. At this level, emphasis would be placed on the assessment of Barclays Business Banking division, through the lenses of Porters five forces analysis. In other words, the focus would fallRead MoreEssay about Wells Fargo Financial Analysis1348 Words   |  6 PagesWells Fargo Financial Analysis For this project, we researched Wells Fargo?s performance in the last couple of years as a way to check on its progress to greatness. What we found was an overwhelmingly charismatic company that not only puts down its values in ink, but also strictly abides by them. Much to our surprise, a huge chunk of their thick annual report for 2002 was an honest listing of all the threatening factors that stand in the company?s way rather than its exceptional rankings inRead MoreThe Internet And Other Electronic Media1245 Words   |  5 Pagesand businesses all over the world. Online banking is a phenomena that was established to make the banking services easier and accessible for the customers. In Saudi Arabia, many people prefer wait in the bank to pay their bills rather than doing it online. This research investigate the extent of using online banking in Saudi Arabia, the associated problems of not using online banking and suggest a solutions for the financial industry in order to enhance it is online services. Read MoreWells Fargo As A Community Based Bank1558 Words   |  7 Pagesthey developed into a family of numerous neighborhood banks in numerous communities. Each section of the business in which they focus on assuring that as a business they provide banking, home loan, investment, and insurances. (1999 - 2016 Wells Fargo) An economic segment is a trend that could affect the banking industry could be stock market trends starting to slow or move in the negative direction. This usually shows the state of the economy. If the economy of the United States starts to fall

Bio-cosmetics in the 20th Century The Response to the Revolution Free Essays

In this rapidly-changing environment, one has to keep phase with the developments in the patterns of consumer purchasing behavior, currently of varying degrees and categories, especially if one is in the field of marketing. The tastes and preferences of the consumers, which we also aptly call as the market demand, is what fuels marketing.   The capacity of a company or a firm to determine early-on the demand of the market of responsibility is of an advantage. We will write a custom essay sample on Bio-cosmetics in the 20th Century: The Response to the Revolution or any similar topic only for you Order Now    At the same time, meeting this specific demand will complete the formula to success; otherwise, the extensive marketing research will all be put to waste. Change is everything especially when the universe entered the stage of globalization, where markets across regions face issues of product customization or adaptations according to the needs of the target segments.   Exploring further unto this topic will be the main core of this paper which will particularly tackle the status and the progress made by the Bio-cosmetics industry in the 20th century, and how the market has reacted or is reacting to it. The subject of discussion will delve into the evolution of this trade or field of commerce and what has been the efforts conducted by the involved companies in strengthening their core competencies for survival and competitiveness. As previously mentioned, the behavior of the target market will be analyzed thoroughly in this paper by demonstrating the qualitative and quantitative aspects of the factors at play.   In so doing, it is aimed that the stability of the bio-cosmetics industry be determined and that the prospects for future possible ventures be identified.   This consumer behavior study will enable the marketers to garner feedback on this side of the cosmetics industry and leverage on the potential of the business, vis-à  -vis the key market segments with strong demand for the bio-cosmetics line of products and services. Theory and Practices of Negotiation Definition When you hear the word negotiation, what comes first to mind?   Negotiation is almost always an everyday transaction being dealt with by each and every one of us.   Indeed, how often do you negotiate – often, seldom, or never? Everything in life is negotiated, under all conditions, at all times: from asking your parents to bring you to the shopping malls to take out the morning garbage to driving in the express lane in rush-hour traffic, from determining what time to schedule an appointment with a client to deciding which tv show to watch with your family—to some extent, every facet of life is linked with one’s using of negotiation. Negotiation occurs â€Å"whenever people exchange ideas with the intention of changing relationships or whenever they confer for agreement.†Ã‚   Another definition expanding slightly the above meaning of negotiation is to note that â€Å"negotiation is conducted neither to widen nor to breach the relationship, but to form a new or different configuration.†Ã‚  Ã‚   In short, most of us are constantly involved in negotiations to one degree or another for a good part of any given day. Negotiation should be considered as a positive way of structuring the communication process. It is usually more than helpful in one’s work environment and in closing deals with new clients or prospects.   Win-win negotiation skills are assets to a company especially if you will be in-charge of marketing new and pioneer products to the market. Effective negotiation helps you to resolve situations where what you want conflicts with what someone else wants. The aim of win-win negotiation is to find a solution that is acceptable to both parties, and leaves both parties feeling that they’ve won, in some way, after the event. Preparing for a successful negotiation†¦ Depending on the scale of the disagreement, some preparation may be appropriate for conducting a successful negotiation.   For small disagreements, excessive preparation can be counter-productive because it takes time that is better used elsewhere. It can also be seen as manipulative because, just as it strengthens your position, it can weaken the other person’s. However, if you need to resolve a major disagreement, and then make sure you prepare thoroughly. Using our free worksheet, think through the following points before you start negotiating: Goals: what do you want to get out of the negotiation? What do you think the other person wants? Trades: What do you and the other person have that you can trade? What do you each have that the other wants? What are you each comfortable giving away? Alternatives: if you don’t reach agreement with the other person, what alternatives do you have? Are these good or bad? How much does it matter if you do not reach agreement? Does failure to reach an agreement cut you out of future opportunities? And what alternatives might the other person have? Relationships: what is the history of the relationship? Could or should this history impact the negotiation? Will there be any hidden issues that may influence the negotiation? How will you handle these? Expected outcomes: what outcome will people be expecting from this negotiation? What has the outcome been in the past, and what precedents have been set? The consequences: what are the consequences for you of winning or losing this negotiation? What are the consequences for the other person? Power: who has what power in the relationship? Who controls resources? Who stands to lose the most if agreement isn’t reached? What power does the other person have to deliver what you hope for? Possible solutions: based on all of the considerations, what possible compromises might there be? Negotiating successfully†¦ The negotiation itself is a careful exploration of your position and the other person’s position, with the goal of finding a mutually acceptable compromise that gives you both as much of what you want as possible. People’s positions are rarely as fundamentally opposed as they may initially appear – the other person may have very different goals from the ones you expect! In an ideal situation, you will find that the other person wants what you are prepared to trade, and that you are prepared to give what the other person wants. If this is not the case and one person must give way, then it is fair for this person to try to negotiate some form of compensation for doing so – the scale of this compensation will often depend on the many of the factors we discussed above. Ultimately, both sides should feel comfortable with the final solution if the agreement is to be considered win-win. Only consider win-lose negotiation if you don’t need to have an ongoing relationship with the other party as, having lost, they are unlikely to want to work with you again. Equally, you should expect that if they need to fulfill some part of a deal in which you have â€Å"won,† they may be uncooperative and legalistic about the way they do this. Facets of Negotiation Negotiation is a peaceable procedure for reconciling, and/or compromising known differences. It is the antithesis of force and violence. A negotiation will be fruitful or completely meaningless, depending upon the existence of two essential elements. There are other less important elements, but two are absolutely essential – Good faith and flexibility.   Both must be present on both sides of the table—one without the other on either side is a fatal defect. Good faith and flexibility cover many facets. By good faith is meant an honest desire to reach agreement on the differences which exist through compromise and a realization that the agreement thus reached should be fair and reasonable for both sides, if the agreement is to endure.   A negotiation must not be viewed as an adversary proceeding, such as a case in court, where one party wins and the other loses. The existence or non-existence of good faith is sometimes difficult to determine with assurance, but there will come a time when a good negotiator will be able to tell if this essential element is missing.   The second essential element of flexibility is the heart of a negotiation. In every negotiation it must be assumed—unless you are dealing with juveniles—that your opposite numbers will always table maximum positions first. Equally important, it must be assumed—unless you are dealing with fools—that your opposite numbers have not disclosed their minimum positions in any manner. The challenge to the able negotiator, therefore, is to start with the tabled maximum positions and by skillfully using all of the tools in his kit, reach the essence or basic minimum positions upon which an agreement can and should be concluded. If a negotiator is unable to obtain any concessions whatsoever from the tabled positions, then either the element of flexibility is missing or the negotiator is inept, in which event you find yourself with no negotiation at all. As in the case of good faith, it may be difficult and time consuming to convince yourself that what you are facing is a set of non-negotiable demands, but here again a good negotiator will see the handwriting on the wall and eventually realize just the situation he is in.   The crucial and delicate decision to be made by the negotiator is—are his opponents still negotiating for advantage or is their position truly flexible, as it appears to be? Thus, it is somewhat naà ¯ve to take the position that you will not negotiate on known differences until the other side has given assurances, satisfactory to you, and prior to the negotiations, that the negotiable positions are such that an agreement can be reached. If the negotiator eventually concludes that these essential elements do not exist, he must proceed to make the record clear for all to see and suspend the so-called negotiations, in a manner which unmistakably places the onus on the non-negotiating party. Processes of Negotiation In simplest terms, negotiation is a discussion between two or more disputants who are trying to work out a solution to their problem.   Negotiations typically take place because the parties wish to create something new that neither could do on his or her own, or to resolve a problem or dispute between them.   The parties acknowledge that there is some conflict of interest between them and think they can use some form of influence to get a better deal, rather than simply taking what the other side will voluntarily give them. How to cite Bio-cosmetics in the 20th Century: The Response to the Revolution, Papers

Cuban Missle Crisis Essay Research Paper StartThe free essay sample

Cuban Missle Crisis Essay, Research Paper Start The Cuban Missile Crisis of October 1962 was one of the turning points of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union. At that clip the two world powers came near to war, perchance with atomic arms ; after it, both states began to seek ways to set to each other, in peculiar, to forestall the usage of atomic arms. The events of the Cuban Missile Crisis demonstrated the adulthood of the U.S. intelligence community, particularly in its ability to roll up and analyse information. The important functions of human intelligence ( HUMINT ) and photographic intelligence ( PHOTINT ) in the Cuban Missile Crisis have been known from the beginning. Documents declassified and released in 1998 now reveal that signals intelligence ( SIGINT ) besides played an extremely of import portion in pull offing the crisis. It should be said at the beginning that signals intelligence did non supply any direct information about the Soviet debut of violative ballistic missiles into Cuba. We will write a custom essay sample on Cuban Missle Crisis Essay Research Paper StartThe or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, in the more than two old ages before that fact was known, SIGINT analysts exhaustively studied the Cuban military buildup. Once the violative missiles were discovered, SIGINT provided direct support for daily direction of the crisis. This is the narrative of SIGINT in the Cuban Missile Crisis. When Fidel Castro took power in Cuba by subverting the old dictator, Fulgencio Batista, he was hailed as a liberator by the Cuban people themselves and became a hero to the American people as good. However, Castro shortly took actions unfriendly to American involvements and aligned his state publically with the Soviet Union. The U.S. populace and authorities were soberly concerned about the creative activity of a Communist province and member of the Soviet Bloc merely seventy myocardial infarctions lupus erythematosuss from its southern shores ; this job became a major focal point of the new Kennedy disposal when it took office in January 1961. In response to the possible menace and the disposal # 8217 ; s involvement in it, the U.S. intelligence community began a new focal point on information about Cuba. The National Security Agency besides beefed up its coverage of Cuba and Soviet support for the island state. In Havana, one of the effects of its alliance with the USSR was fright that the United States might step in against the new Cuban authorities. This fright materialized in subsequently 1961 when Cuban exiles, trained by America # 8217 ; s CIA, staged an invasion of Cuban district at the Bay of Pigs. Although the invasion was rapidly repulsed, it intensified an weaponries buildup that was already under manner. Q # 8217 ; s One job shared by intelligence analysts and disposal policymakers likewise was the nature of the military bringings. Most of the military equipment could be described accurately as defensive, but much of it could besides be used in taking the discourtesy. The primary inquiries for Americans was: would the Soviets introduce violative missiles into Cuban district? End A Navy SIGINT way happening cyberspace in the Atlantic located the Soviet ships by stoping and triangulating messages that they were directing back to the Soviet Union. The ships were stopped dead in the H2O, outside the ring of American naval vass waiting for them. A confrontation had been averted, one that might hold precipitated war. The president, his cabinet, and the American people could take a breath a small easier.Later, one time the Soviets agreed to take the ballistic missiles from Cuba, NSA studies besides provided grounds to the American authorities that the Communist Bloc besides considered the crisis over.

Critical analysis of Fire Safety Legislation of Botswana

Question: Discuss about the Critical analysis of Fire Safety Legislation of Botswana. Answer: Fire outbreak is one of the potential risks that any organization may face anytime especially when there are no established measures of preventing or dealing with fire hazards. Various organizations have taken the initiative of equipping their organizations with fire fighting machines. Others have gone an extra mile and trained their employees about fire hazards, especially on how they should act when there is a fire emergency. All nations have fire safety regulations that provide guidance on fire prevention, evacuation, and fire fighting. The country of interest in this paper is Botswana which is my main place of work. Carrying out a critical analysis of the fire safety regulation in Botswana will aid in understanding its adequacy for life safety, and how this relates to the general property or asset protection, and reduction in business interruption. Botswana has a fire service team which comprises of fire brigades and is responsible for the control and prevention of fires in the country. This service forms parts of the Unified Local Government Service (ULDS). The Fire Service Act of 1996 is enforced by the local authorities. The service is headed by a director, a public offer whose duties include regulation and coordination of fire brigades in Botswana. The Fire Safety Legislation of Botswana is adequate in ensuring life safety. The fire service of Botswana has ensured that every council area has a fire brigade with the necessary equipment, and trained personnel to respond to fire outbreaks (Government of Botswana, 2005). Also, the fire service ensures that there is adequate provision of water supplies. Each council ensures that there is adequate water supply available for use when necessary. Various councils have entered into an agreement for water authorities under the recommendations of the Waterworks Act (The World Law Guide (WLG), 2016). This has enabled fire brigades in each council to have access to water when necessary. Under the provisions of the Waterworks Act, the fire brigade is required to replace the water of pay compensation for the water used thereof. Regarding the availability and response of fire fighting officers, Botswanas fire officers are always ready for duty always and may at any time respond to a duty call. Botswanas Statute Law, Volume 89, under fire prevention, requires every officer, at all times, to perform the duties allocated to him/her effectively and to fulfill the specific or general orders issued by the director of the fire brigade under which he/she operates. The duty of every fire officer is to act within all his power towards protecting persons, and property in case of fire outbreak. Most importantly, fire and police officers in Botswana may break into any business premise where fire has broken out for the purpose of extinguishing fire even without the consent of the occupier or the owner. This is to ensure the evacuation of the property and people in such premises. This is an indication of the responsiveness and alertness of the Botswana fire service according to the provisions of the Fire Safety Act of the country. Besides, the safety measures employed by fire brigades in Botswana ensure that fire outbreaks in any building are contained. Obeng (2001) asserts that any fire brigade officer, in regard to fire prevention, can obtain and assemble information concerning the quality of buildings and property in the area, the availability of water, means of accessing property and premises, and any other local situation. This is to provide advice concerning property and buildings for the aim of fire prevention, inspection and escape in case of fire purposes. Such data collection on buildings and property, as well as inspection is important for fire prevention and in the case of fire, successful and on time fire fighting to ensure the safety of persons and property. The Fire Safety Legislation of Botswana inspects buildings to ascertain their quality and equipment, the ventilation systems, and presence of fire extinguishing equipment. These are taken into account regarding the alleviation of fire outcome s. According to IAEA (2004), buildings are expected to have adequate access and escape routes for the field operators or fire fighters. Such routes should not have combustible materials. The legislation provides that the layout of premises should regard the prevention of the spread of fire, and smoke from neighboring fire cells to the access or escape routes. Also, ventilation systems should not compromise the availability of unnecessary safety systems. Such conditions on the nature of buildings are tackled in the fire risk analysis (Botswana Law Revision Commissioner, 2007). However, the Fire Safety Legislation of Botswana has not done enough towards the prevention and response to fire outbreak. Despite the fact that it has equipment for fire fighting and a ready trained response team, in several occasions, many businesses such as supermarkets lose their properties in fire outbreaks due to the delay of fire brigades. The legislation has failed to demand that all premises and organizations should train their employees on fire prevention and fighting. Only a few large organizations in Botswana have done so. In other workplaces, there are only one or two fire extinguishers, which are not enough to contain fire. The legislation should therefore ensure that all workplaces train their workers on fire prevention and fighting as a way of minimizing deaths and property loss in the event of fire. Also, most of the portable fire extinguishers in Botswana are not approved by the Botswana Bureau of Standards. This is according to a recent press release which advised fire service providers to ensure that their equipment are approved by the bureau by the 1st October 2016. The Fire Safety Legislation of Botswana, also known as the Fire Service Act has worked to ensure fire prevention through the provision of necessary equipment and have responsive and trained personnel to contain fire hazards. The fire service officials inspect the layout and quality of buildings to ascertain whether they have a safe escape and access routes in the event of fire. Also, fire brigades in each council area ensure that there is sufficient water supply and equipment for responding to fire outbreaks. This has minimized business interruptions due to power outbreaks, reduced the destruction of property, and loss of lives. Though the legislation has not demanded the training of workers on fire prevention in every organization, it is adequate in life safety and property protection. References Botswana. (2005). Statute Law, Volume 89. Government Printer Botswana Bureau of Standards (BOS). Press release; implementation of fire safety standards. Retrived from file:///C:/Users/Winnie/Downloads/Press%20Release%20-%20Implementation%20of%20Fire%20Safety%20Standards.pdf Botswana. Law Revision Commissioner. (2007). The laws of Botswana: LRO 1/2007 (up to and including Act 22 of 2006 and S.I. 96 of 2006). Republic of Botswana Fire Service Act. (1996). CHAPTER:40:04An Act to provide for the creation of a Fire Service for Botswana. Volume VII. Retrieved from https://www.elaws.gov.bw/desplaylrpage1.php?v=VIIvp=id=1246 Government of Botswana (GOB). (2005). Act 14; National Security Act. CHAPTER 23:01. Retrieved from https://www.vertic.org/media/National%20Legislation/Botswana/BW_National_Security_Act.pdf International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). (2004). protection against internal fires and explosions in the design of nuclear power plants. Safety standards series, No. NS-G-1.7. Retrieved from https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/Pub1186_web.pdf Obeng, K. E. (2001). Botswana:institutions of democracy and government of Botswana. Botswana: K.E. Obeng The World Law Guide (WLG). (2016). Legislation of Botswana. WEB. Retrieved from https://www.lexadin.nl/wlg/legis/nofr/oeur/lxwebot.htm

Understanding the UPSA Essay Criteria

Understanding the UPSA Essay CriteriaIf you are interested in a UPSA (Uniform Qualification for Admission) essay, the criteria required to qualify for this essay include: you must be at least eighteen years old, a registered graduate, and must have a minimum GPA of at least 3.5. For graduates, the graduate degree (or degree equivalent) must be completed within the last four years, while for those already holding a degree, the student must still be attending an accredited college or university. To earn a UPSA essay, you should choose your topic from a list that is provided by the UPSA College Office and then have it reviewed by a college official.Some topics commonly written about by UPSA candidates include: personal situations, specific experiences, community life, and personal values. As you can imagine, this can be quite an extensive topic to cover, and the type of essay that you choose will depend on your personal and academic interests.However, the UPSA sample Apa essay can serve as a guide. That said, the objective of the Apa essay is to present information, and since the topic of your essay is not always straightforward, the goal of the Apa essay is to convey a clear and concise message. The trick is to write your Apa essay to impress the reader while making them want to keep reading. It is also imperative that you write with maximum impact - writing to impress, not to simply 'sell' the information.As mentioned above, the ideal Apa essay is one that have clear writing, compelling concepts, and convincing arguments. Additionally, you must have an ability to use language effectively - whether it's writing speaking, or the amount of research that you do. In other words, your Apa essay must be able to function like a letter, and not just another paragraph of filler.One way to get an idea of what an ideal Apa essay would look like is to first visit the sample Apa essay sample website. Once there, you will find several sample essays, as well as a sample resume, to get your foot in the door. You can easily get some inspiration, along with a feel for how the writer should go about doing things.It's also worth noting that writing samples of Apa essays are available online for free. You can use them to get an idea of what your ideal Apa essay should be like. Keep in mind, however, that these samples are not 'step-by-step' instructions. Instead, they are examples, to show you how the Apa essay writer used common writing techniques to come up with a concise, informative, and persuasive essay.Finally, remember that some samples are 'less is more'. For example, the real test of an Apa essay is how much you can cut and paste (or, edit), and how well the topics of your Apa essay line up with your personal goals and values.

Genetic Engineering Essays (342 words) - Medical Specialties

Genetic Engineering *HTML**FONT SIZE=2 PTSIZE=8*However, if the problems of today and the need to remember historical atrocities in genetics are important, it is just as critical to plan ahead. The next 100 years will see changes more dramatic than the 20th century, which saw the creation of molecular genetics, the rise and fall of eugenics, and the creation of a U.S. and international human genome mapping effort. It is time, I believe, to use some imagination to think about what might come to be in the world of genetics in the next 100 years. Only by looking at the long-term outcomes of our current genetic research will we see the compelling need to confront the most basic questions posed by genetic medicine. And, in any event, it is no more dangerous to exercise a little imagination about our future than it is dangerous to fail to be prescient about possible surprises, such as human cloning.*/FONT**FONT SIZE=3 PTSIZE=10**BR* *BR* */FONT**FONT SIZE=2 PTSIZE=8*One shape in the crystal ball is not difficult to discern. Some areas of genetic medicine, such as the effort to identify simple genetic etiology for complex diseases and traits, will plainly begin to fall away during the next few years. *BR* *BR* I am even more frightened of by the prospects of genetic engineering. I truly see little good in *BR* going forward in this technology unless we are willing to accept the fact that we are going toplay god and transform humans into, really, another species altogether. Disease is in our lives for a reason; it's a means of population control.*BR* *BR* I really believe that the key to preventing disease is nutr ition; Teach people *BR* to nourish themselves properly instead of filling up with the crap most people are *BR* consuming. Why do you think degenerative diseases are on the rise in first world *BR* countries? I often wonder whether given the chance whether or not Einstein would *BR* give forth the knowledge he came upon. I think we're heading in the same direction with *BR* genetics as we have been with nuclear power-No good! * Science

vanishing twin essays

vanishing twin essays The Vanishing Twin Syndrome happens when one of the twin fetuses disappears from the mothers womb while she is pregnant, which usually result in a single birth. What actually happens to the fetus is that it spontaneously aborts normally during the first trimester and the fetal tissues is absorbed by either the other twin, the placenta, or the mother, which makes the fetus looks like it has vanished. Since there isnt really a clear cause for most miscarriages there are also not always reasons or explanations for one of the fetus to spontaneously abort. In some situations the fetus may have some type of chromosomal or placental abnormalities, which may cause it to abort. A problem with the umbilical implantation may also play a role in VTS. Scientists studies have shown that 1 in 8 people start their life with a twin but only 1in 70 actually become a twin. Studies have also shown that 80% of twin pregnancies result in the lost of one or both of the babies. Even though the loss of a ba by for a multiple pregnancy is high the Vanishing Twin Syndrome occurs in 21-30% of multiple pregnancies. In the recent years there has been more incidences of the Vanishing Twin Syndrome not because it wasnt happening so much before but because of the fact that modern technogly has advanced which allows it to detect more of these cases. In the past, many women experienced Vanishing Twin Syndrome without ever knowing it. When this syndrome occurs in pregnant women the mother may not have any symptoms at all but if they do they may have mild cramping, bleeding or pelvic discomfort. In most cases when the fetus has aborted, neither the mother nor the remaining parts of the fetus receives any kind of medical treatment. If VTS occurs in the first trimester the mother would go on as usually and deliver the other baby. However in some cases the fetus may die in the second or third trimester and the surviving baby may develop ce ...

Take a Stand Letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Take a Stand Letter - Essay Example I am a nursing student currently residing in Washington, D.C. I have observed some of the facts regarding nurses and their problems. I have witnessed the work of American Nursing Association about protection of nurses and their insurance. For a considerable length of time, the American Nurses Association has been supporting the social insurance changes that might provide insurance facilities to a wider segment of population to gain access to high caliber medical services. Due to the emergence and adoption of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA), a large number of individuals with different health conditions, now have improved insurance coverage along with improved accessibility to essential and preventive utilities (Goodson, 2010). American Nursing Association (ANA) establishes that the level headed discussion of social insurance is still continuing and stays bound to instructing the nurturing open as to how the modifying framework affects the lives and health of the wider society. I am in a position to write to the government agency that regarding education of nurses, funds need to be raised as number of nurses required to maintain nursing workforce is being increased as proved by following: Countrys 3.1 million enrolled registered nurses (RNs) are the essential source of service to patients during the times of illness in their lives (Brewer & Rosenthal, 2008). Almost each individuals health awareness experience includes a RN. Any interaction of a common individual with the health care providers remains incomplete without the services of nurses. Accordingly, a sufficient supply of attendants is basic in furnishing our countrys requirement of providing adequate health care services. Medical attendants are needed to play an even greater part sometime later. But, nurture need to battle to get the assets they require. If the basic needs of this group of care-providers are not taken care of, there is a chance that the depiction of this sector

Managed Healthcare Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Managed Healthcare - Assignment Example Information technology enables faster acquisition of test results as well as better forms of treatment being administered to the patients. The managed care sector is therefore keen on ensuring that they offer quality services to their patients (Kongstvedt, 2012). There are various factors in the managed care industry. These factors include the government, the employers and the employees as well as the providers. The process of providing managed care is driven by two factors which are the federal government policy and market-driven business practices. Each of this is important when it comes to care provision since the law has to be followed. On the other hand, an organization also has to consider whether it is making profits or not and just how up to standard their equipment is. This will ensure that despite the provision of managed care going on, they make revenue and stay up to

Leadership And Management In Nursing Nursing Essay

Leadership And Management In Nursing Nursing Essay Mergers illustrate the focus on organisational restructuring as the key lever for change as indicated by the ninety nine health care provider mergers in England between 1996 and 2001. (Fulop, Protsopsaltis, King, Allen, Hutchings, and Normand, 2004) However, in many cases, mergers have unexpected consequences and drawbacks including problems in integrating staff, services, systems and working practices, clashing organisational cultures and poor leadership capacity. This essay considers leadership and management in the context of a problematic merger of services from two hospitals onto one site. The essay focuses on the change management process within one department to highlight key leadership, team, and cultural issues that negatively affected the newly merged department. The microcosm of the department mirrors similar occurrences across the two merged hospitals. The essay concludes with a comment on the organisational consequences if a macro intervention is not implemented. Confidentiality has been preserved by anonymising the identity of the hospitals and departments concerned. BACKGROUND This essay explores a recent change process involving the creation of a psychiatric liaison team based in a NHS hospital Accident and Emergency Department. (A E) in January 2004. The change occurred because of the merger of two hospitals that resulted in a number of structural changes, including the amalgamation of a traditionally split emergency service into a one site A E department. The liaison team replaced the existing deliberate self-harm service which had operated in the one hospital for two decades. The new liaison team consisted of eight newly appointed G-grade mental health nurses, a team leader, and a consultant psychiatrist who had both previously worked in the deliberate self-harm service. The hours of operation initially were 08:00 to 22:00 and there were two nurses on duty on early and late shifts. During a four week induction period, the team participated in team building and training exercises and developed into a cohesive, effective group. The team created clear key performance indicators specific to the psychiatric liaison team, established an action plan to achieve the set objectives, and planned to carry out six-monthly reviews. The team developed a shared vision to provide high quality, person centred care to the A E department without breaching governments four hour targets (DOH, 2001). The team leaders leadership style was democratic, and she fostered collaboration and involvement within the team (Walton, 1999). The team members considered her an expert in the field, and respected her for it. In July 2004, the service manager attended a monthly team meeting. At the meeting she was informed that a major change was expected to the hours of operation. The service would be extended to a 24-hour service starting in September 2004. In order for the liaison team to cover a 24-hour roster there was initially be a reduction in the number of nurses on duty, however, more staff would be recruited if necessary after a six month service review. An exact date for the review was not given. The change had not been communicated as part of the strategy for the greater merger. The Department of Health (DOH) modernisation agenda for the NHS, (DOH, 2002) sets out to modernise services in the NHS, and introduced a three star rating scale against which each NHS Trusts performance is compared against benchmark standards. Funding in turn is dependant on the star rating achieved. One such standard relates to delays in A E departments, and stipulates that mental health patients should have 24 hour access to services, and that patients should be assessed and treated within four hours of arrival. (DOH, 2001) The underlying rationale for the change was therefore that the psychiatric liaison service had to provide a 24-hour service in order for the hospital to comply with the benchmark. Management of the merged hospitals did not consider staff shortages or how the four hour target might affect the quality of service provision, particularly when staff are under constant pressure to discharge patients before they exceed the benchmark standard. (RCP, 2004) In the servic e described above, reaching the necessary 98 % four hour target proved impossible, because the staff numbers did not match the requirements of the service. The service was therefore to be expanded without additional staff, implying not only changes in hours and shifts, but also changes in work patterns. The team members reacted negatively to how the change process was introduced. Concerns were expressed about the reduction in staff numbers and questions were raised as to how the staff would be able to cope. The sense of security and continuity were put at risk. (Walton, 1999) The service manager was not available to address the concerns due to an increased scope of responsibility because of the merger that was beyond her normal remit. Lack of two way communication between the manager and the employees meant that the manager lost a valuable opportunity to resolve the negative reactions, and laid the foundation for resistance to change (Johnson, Scholes, and Whittington, 2005). Within a month of the announcement, the team leader had resigned. A new team leader was appointed and was tasked to lead the team through the change. The team started gradually becoming fragmented, staff sickness rates soared, and morale plummeted. The situation reached a crisis point by December 2005, by which time two more staff members had resigned. The majority of staff had taken sick leave, and the psychiatric liaison service was left uncovered for several days. A number of mental health patients in A E waited for hours, sometimes all night, to be seen by a mental health professional. The A E department laid a formal complaint about the liaison teams performance. In March 2005, following discussion with a union representative, the team took out a grievance against the team leader. The key issues of concern were the way the change process had been introduced, lack of two-way communication and the team leaders unsuitable task-oriented, directive leadership style. The team leader was suspended and the Trust commenced a lengthy investigation into the change process. The investigation continues to date. ANALYSIS Cameron and Green (2004) suggest McKinseys 7S model as a diagnostic tool to identify interconnected and related aspects of organisational change. The model is problem rather than solution focussed, and hence useful for pointing out retrospectively why change did not work. The weakness of the model is that it does not explicit identify drivers from the external environment and accordingly key forces have been described by way of explanation. According to Burke and Litwin (1992), the external environment is any outside condition or situation that influences the performance of the organisation. Systems, Staff and Strategy Systems refer to standardised policies and mechanisms that facilitate work, primarily manifested in the organisations reward systems, management information systems, and in such control systems as performance appraisal, goal and budget development, and human resource allocation. (Burke and Litwin, 1992) Systems are the mechanisms through which strategy is achieved. Strategy is how the organisation intends to achieve a purpose over an extended time scale. Johnson, Scholes, and Whittington (2005) link it directly to environment (industry structure), organisational structure, and corporate culture. Leaders are the executives and managers providing overall organisational direction and serving as behavioural role models for all employees. (Burke and Litwin, 1992) The systems that the service had in place to support the staff prior to the merger had functioned efficiently. The psychiatric liaison team had monthly team meetings, weekly ward rounds and supervision, and twice daily handovers to ensure high quality service. Teams in this context mean a group who share a common health goal and common objectives, determined by community needs, to the achievement of which each member of the team contributes, in accordance with his or her competencies and skill and in co-ordination with the functions of others. (WHO, 1984) Under the previous team leaders management, the team had achieved a mature and productive level of performance that fell within Tuckmans model of team development of a performing team. (Mullins, 2002) The leader demonstrated characteristics of an effective team leader (e.g. good communication) and ensured that the team members views were passed on to the management. (Marquis and Huston, 2003) The team also developed team specific performance indicators to fit the Trusts strategy, such as the goal to provide high quality care within four hours of service users presenting to the A E department. However, the new management of the merged hospitals did not take into account that the reduction in staff numbers would make it difficult for staff to find time to attend ward rounds and to supervise care. Lack of supervision had a negative impact on the quality of care provided, and staff shortages meant that the team did not reach the four-hour targets in A E department. The change process indicated a lack of sincere stakeholder consultation which would have alleviated the crisis in the department. (Iles and Sutherland, 2001) Structure and Style Structure is the arrangement of functions and people into specific areas and levels of responsibility, decision-making authority, communication, and relationships to assure effective implementation of the organisations mission and strategy. (Burke and Litwin, 1992) The NHS Leadership Qualities Framework (DOH, 2002, p34) suggests leading change through people with effective and strategic influencing is essential in a merger environment. This is supported by Johnson, Scholes and Whittington (2005) who suggest that strategic, transformational leadership is a key element within an organisation staffed by professionals and that a collaborative style is required to achieve transformational, lasting change. However, the new team leaders leadership style was autocratic and the team members were no longer consulted about matters concerning it, which was inappropriate in team nursing approach associated with collaborative patient centric care. Marquis and Huston (2003) suggest that a democratic leadership style works best with a mature experienced team with shared responsibility and accountability. The change in leadership style meant that the team felt disempowered and uninvolved in decision making which did not allow ownership of the change process to emerge. Furthermore, the flow of information to the team slowed down and the teams concerns about the change did not reach top management implying that communication channels in the new organisational structure were not functioning efficiently. Management style equally affects culture. Johnson, Scholes and Whittington (2005) state that culture is the taken for granted assumptions that are accepted by an organisation or team. These work routines are not explicit, but are essential for effective performance. Ignoring these as the new team leader did, reduces motivation and performance, and stiffens resistance to change. Skills Skills are the distinctive capabilities of key people. (Cameron and Green, 2003) The nature of the team membership implied a range of key skills interdependent on the other for effective performance. A problem area in the skills portfolio was information technology skills. The Trust managing the merged hospitals had introduced a Trust wide electronic patient record system in accordance with NHS requirements. (DOH, 2003) This was implemented simultaneously with the decision to extend the working hours. The change aimed to improve the service user experience by allowing staff a 24-hour access to service users care and crisis plans. (DOH, 2003) The staff shortage meant that team members did not receive appropriate training on the system and the use of the electronic patient record system became a source of frustration and confusion. Lack of computer skills contributed to staffs frustration and negative attitudes with the change process. Superordinate goals Superordinate goals are the longer term vision of the organisation and the shared values and guiding principles that that shape the future of the organisation and motivation achievement of strategy. (Cameron and Green, 2003) The teams superordinate goals were initially created during the four-week team building period and aligned with those of the larger organisation. The teams vision was to provide high quality, service user centred care. The team also considered change as a natural part of organisational development. However, the team became increasingly resistant to change when it felt that the organisation did not really care about its employees, their concerns, and the ultimate reason for the organisations purpose, being the patient. DISCUSSION OF CHANGE PROCESS Change management is art of influencing people and organisations in a desired direction to achieve an agreed future state to the benefit of that organisation and its stakeholders. (Cameron and Green, 2003) A number of models can be used to model a change management process. A popular model is Kurt Lewins forcefield analysis. A forcefield analysis is a useful tool to understand the driving and resisting forces in a change situation as a basis for change management. This technique identifies forces that might work for the change process, and forces that are against the change. Lewins model suggests that once these conflicting forces are identified, it becomes easier to build on forces that work for the change and reduce forces that are against the change (Cameron and Green, 2003). The difficulty is the assessment of strength or duration of a force, partlicularly when the human dimension is considered. The key resisting force in the change process was a lack of staff and poor leadership. The change process under discussion was largely motivated by external factors. However, due to poor project planning, Trust management failed to consider the internal factors that had a major impact on the change. In particular, the management failed to involve the necessary stakeholders at a local level to increase ownership of the change thus failed to consider the human dimension (Walton, 1999 and DOH, 2004). The new team leaders autocratic leadership style did not fit the requirements of the task, or the culture of the team and thus sowed the seeds of resistance to change. (Hogg and Vaughan, 2002). The poorly managed change process became costly to the Trust due to the loss of human resources, reduced staff morale and lowered the credibility of the management. The change left the psychiatric liaison team feeling betrayed, and individual team members traumatised. As the change process progressed, it became evident that a thorough analysis of current resources and various dimensions of organisational change had not been carried out (Johnson, Scholes and Whittington, 2005). The management had not prepared a clear plan for launching and executing the change at a local level. The NHS Modernisation Agency Improvement Leaders Guide (DOH, 2004) stresses the importance of taking into consideration the human aspect when planning a change project. Similarly, Walton (1999) argues that change initiatives should be thought through and planned as far as possible taking into account the psychological bonds that staff form with their work groups and their organisation as a whole. It follows then that no precautions had been taken to address resistance to change. Johnson, Scholes and Whittington, (2005) state that there should be a clear communication plan to state how information about the change project will be communicated inside and outside the organisation. The team members were not given an opportunity to challenge and test the change proposal, or clarify what aspects of the change they could or could not influence. (Walton, 1995) Fulop, Protsopsaltis et al, (2004) suggest that change project should be presented as an opportunity to improve the quality of performance and that clinicians should should be involved on a consultative basis. Team members were aware of the consequences of extending the hours of operation without increasing the resources, however, there were no systems in place to communicate these views to the Trust management, a key aspect of the change process. The lack of key stakeholder involvement in the change meant that the management did not have access to the psychiatric liaison teams valuable experience on the immediate and wider implications of cutting down resources. (Henderson, 2002) The team members felt that their concerns about the lack of resources had not been taken seriously, and this inevitably led to a feeling that the Trust did not care about its employees or their views. Strong emotions such as anger and frustration were expressed by the team members. The lack of formal communication channels, meant that the team members took them out on each other. Johnson, Scholes and Whittington, (2005) confirm that at times of change, rumours, gossip and storytelling increases in importance and that team members engage in countercommunication, thus unconsiously spreading distrust, suspicion and negativity which leads to lowered staff morale and job satisfaction. Although the rationale for change was clear to everyone, the change was executed at such short notice that the team members did not have time to develop strategies to deal with it. The NHS Improvement Leaders Guide to Managing the Human Dimension of Change (DOH, 2004) suggests that clinicians go through phases of shock, denial, anger, betrayal, conformance and understanding before they finally develop comitment to the change. The team members were left in a state of shock after the service managers initial announcement of the impending change in July 2004 and then moved into a state of denial. The general opinion was that the management would sooner or later realise that the change could not be executed without increasing the resources and accordingly delayed the change process until more staff would be employed. When there was no indication of this in the weeks that followed, the team members became demotivated. The team failed to move on to the next stages in their reactions to cha nge, and commitment to the change process did not develop. The team leaders task-oriented leadership style did not suit the context of the change process, and partly contributed to its failing. Cameron and Green (2003) suggest that leadership will be most effective when the leaders leadership style, the subordinates preferred leadership style and the requirements of the task fit together. A directive leadership style therefore is ineffective if the subordinates preferred leadership style is democratic, even though the task is well defined within tight parameters. In addition, Hogg and Vaughan (2002) argued that the most effective leaders are those who are able to combine task and socio-emotional leadership styles, and organise team members to work towards achieving goals at the same time promoting harmonious relationships. The new team leader paid no attention to the team culture and failed to communicate to management about the impending issue. Johnson, Scholes and Whittington (2005) suggest that power is a key element in a change process. Power is the ability of individuals to persuade or coerce others into following a course of action. The new team leaders source of power was based on his hierarchal position in the Trust rather than on expertise or knowledge as shown by the previous team leader. The team members did not consider that the new team leader possessed appropriate expertise or personal characteristics. The team leader exercised coercion which was met with resistance by the team and for this reason the team members lacked respect for him. He was seen as an executor of decisions made by the management. The new team leader appeared to be more concerned about a successful completion of the change, was target driven and lacked sensitivity to employees feelings and concerns. The team leader used his positional power in a negative way, filtered information and gave the management a distorted view of how the staff were coping with the change process. The relationship between the team leader and the staff members eventually deteriorated to a point where communication broke down. Two staff members went on a long term sick leave, and two other staff members resigned. Following a meeting with a union representative in March 2005 the team members, including those who had resigned, made a decision to take grievance out against the teamleader. The key issues brought up in the meeting were the way the change had been introduced, poor project management and the team leaders autocratic management style (Walton, 1999). Back to: Essay Examples CONCLUSION In conclusion, lack of stakeholder involvement, poor project planning and the teamleaders unsuitable leadership style lead to the psychiatric liaison team becomimg fragmented, and resistant to change. No systems were put in place to ensure two-way communication with the employees. Lack of communication reduced the staffs commitment to, and ownership of the change, and lead to a lower quality service provision and increased long waits in A E. The poorly managed change process became costly to the Trust due to loss of trained human resources, staff morale and credibility of the management. Similar incidents occurred in other areas of the hospital indicating that the change processes associated with the merger had created organisational wide problems that were indicative of failure at a top management and strategic level. Strategic leadership is a key element of the change process. A successful merger will only be achieved with consistent communication and the establishment of a vision that percolates throughout an organisation as a basis for effective change to realise the stated benefits of all stakeholders. References Brooks, I. 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